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Date: April 29, 2024 Mon
Time: 9:49 pm
Time: 9:49 pm
Results for health care, prisons
3 results foundAuthor: Open Society Foundations Title: Pretrial Detention and Health: Unintended Consequences, Deadly Results Summary: Pretrial holding facilities in countries with developing and transitional economies often force detainees to live in filthy, over-crowded conditions, where they lack adequate health services. In the worst cases, detainees die; some centers are so bad that innocent people plead guilty just to be transferred to prisons where the conditions might be better. For many pretrial detainees, being locked away in detention centers where tuberculosis, hepatitis C, and HIV are easily contracted can be a death sentence. This paper, aimed at health professionals, presents a review of literature on health conditions and health services in pretrial detention in developing and transitional countries. It takes as its point of departure that the negative health impacts of excessive pretrial detention are an important reason to pursue pretrial justice reform. Its recommendations include calling on health professionals to support monitoring and research efforts on the issues, as well supporting prison health officials and public engagement. Details: New York: Open Society Foundations, 2011. 88p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 11, 2011 at: http://www.soros.org/initiatives/justice/articles_publications/publications/ptd-health-20111103/ptd-health-20111103.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.soros.org/initiatives/justice/articles_publications/publications/ptd-health-20111103/ptd-health-20111103.pdf Shelf Number: 123311 Keywords: Detention CentersHealth Care, PrisonsPretrial Detention |
Author: Weilandt, Caren Title: HIV in Prisons: Situation and Needs Assessment Toolkit Summary: This toolkit is part of a set of documents produced by United Nations agencies aimed at providing up-to-date evidence-informed guidance on HIV in prisons. These include: • HIV/AIDS Prevention, Care, Treatment and Support in Prisons: A Framework for an Effective National Response. This document provides a framework for mounting an effective national response to HIV in prisons, based on the evidence reviewed in the Evidence for Action Technical Papers and on accepted international standards and guidelines, and reflecting principles of good prison management. It sets out 11 principles and 100 actions. Available at www.unodc.org/pdf/HIV-AIDS_prisons_July06.pdf • HIV and AIDS in places of detention: A training toolkit for policymakers, programme managers, prison officers and health care providers in prisons. This document provides information and guidance primarily to individuals and institutions with responsibilities for prisons and prisoners, and to people who work in and with prisons. In addition, it will assist everyone who has anything to do with prisons. Available in English and Russian at http://www. unodc.org/unodc/en/hiv-aids/publications.html?ref=menuside • HIV testing and counselling in prisons and other closed settings. This policy brief provides guidelines for ensuring access to voluntary counselling and HIV testing for prisoners. Available in English at http://www. unodc.org/unodc/en/hiv-aids/publications.html?ref=menuside • Women and HIV in prisons. This information note describes the HIV characteristics of women in prison and lists recommended responses. Available in English, Spanish, Russian and Bahasa Indonesian at http://www. unodc.org/unodc/en/hiv-aids/publications.html?ref=menuside • Policy Brief: Reduction of HIV Transmission in Prisons. This document provides a two-page summary of the evidence related to HIV prevention programmes in prisons. Available in English and Russian via www.who.int/hiv/pub/idu/idupolicybriefs/en/index.html • Evidence for Action Technical Papers on Effectiveness of Interventions to Address HIV in Prisons. These papers provide a comprehensive review of the effectiveness of interventions to address HIV in prisons. They contain the most detailed and rigorous analysis of the evidence related to HIV in prisons undertaken to date, with hundreds of references. They comprise ‘Dependence Treatments’; ‘Needle and Syringe Programmes and Decontamination Strategies’; ‘HIV Care, Treatment and Support’ and ’Prevention of Sexual Transmission’. Available in English and Russian at http://www. unodc.org/unodc/en/hiv-aids/publications.html?ref=menuside • Policy guidelines for collaborative TB and HIV services for injecting and other drug users - an integrated approach (pdf) . Available at http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2008/9789241596930_eng.pdf • Guidelines for Control of Tuberculosis in Prisons. This document provides general guiding principles for the implementation of the STOP TB Strategy in prisons to accelerate case detection and treatment targets and to cure and prevent the emergence of drug resistance. Available at http://www.tbcta.org//Uploaded_files/Zelf/GuidelineTBPrisons1252321251.pdf Details: Vienna: United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, 2011. 92p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed November 15, 2011 at: http://www.unodc.org/documents/hiv-aids/publications/HIV_in_prisons_situation_and_needs_assessment_document.pdf Year: 2011 Country: International URL: http://www.unodc.org/documents/hiv-aids/publications/HIV_in_prisons_situation_and_needs_assessment_document.pdf Shelf Number: 123345 Keywords: Health Care, PrisonsHIV (Viruses) |
Author: Zakaria, Dianne Title: The Relationship between Knowledge of HIV and HCV, Health Education, and Risk and Harm-Reducing Behaviours among Canadian Federal Inmates Summary: For inmates to make informed decisions about risk-behaviours, such as injection drug use and unprotected sex, they require knowledge about infectious disease transmission and prevention. Previous research suggests that greater human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge does not necessarily translate into less HIV risk-behaviours, but similar research examining the relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) knowledge and risk-behaviours is lacking. Moreover, past research has not extensively examined harm-reducing behaviours, such as bleaching injecting equipment, and no studies were identified which examined the association between knowledge and behaviour in the Canadian correctional context. To address these deficiencies in the literature, in 2007 the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC) conducted the National Inmate Infectious Diseases and Risk Behaviours Survey (NIIDRBS), a self-administered paper questionnaire completed by a large sample of Canadian federal inmates (n = 3,370). This report presents NIIDRBS data on Canadian federal inmates’ knowledge of HIV and HCV; the association between health education program attendance and knowledge; and, the association between knowledge and risk and harm-reducing behaviours. Overall knowledge was higher for HIV than HCV. On average, inmates correctly answered 80% (95% CI: 79, 80) of the HIV questions compared to 69% (95% CI: 68, 70) of the HCV questions. Inmates were most knowledgeable regarding the major modes of transmission for both HIV (M = 85%, 95% CI: 84, 85) and HCV (M = 83%, 95% CI: 82, 84). For HCV, however, knowledge of transmission through casual contact (M = 62%, 95% CI: 61, 64), prevention (M = 63%, 95% CI: 62, 65), and testing and treatment (M = 60%, 95% CI: 58, 61) were lower. The most substantial association between health education program attendance and knowledge was noted among women. Specifically, women attendees correctly answered, on average, 78% (95% CI: 77, 80) of the HCV questions compared to 68% (95% CI: 64, 71) for women non-attendees. Contrary to previously published research, there were instances where greater knowledge was associated with safer behaviour. First, inmates aware of the HIV-risk associated with injecting drugs with needles previously used by others were less likely to report injecting drugs during the past six months in prison compared to inmates who were unaware of the risk (14% vs. 22%, χ2(1, n = 2,922) = 5.84, p < 0.05). Second, among males who injected drugs during the past six months in prison, those aware of the HCV-risk were more likely to have last injected with a needle cleaned with bleach compared to those unaware of the risk (73% vs. 46%, χ2(1, n = 265) = 9.00, p < 0.05). Third, among males ever pierced on a CSC prison range, those aware of the HCV-risk were twice as likely to report consistently using piercing equipment cleaned with bleach compared to those unaware of the risk (63% vs. 31%, χ2(1, n = 306) = 8.15, p < 0.05). Finally, among currently sexually active women, those aware of the HIV-risk were less likely to report unprotected anal sex with women during the past six months in prison compared to those who were unaware of the risk (37% vs. 71%, χ2(1, n = 55) = 5.57, p < 0.05). Further, those aware of the HCV-risk were less likely to report unprotected vaginal sex with women compared to those unaware of the risk (67% vs. 91%, χ2 (1, n = 59) = 5.30, p < 0.05). Thus, greater knowledge may not consistently reduce the occurrence of a risk-behaviour, but it may increase an inmate’s tendency to use harm reduction items should he or she engage in the risk-behaviour. The NIIDRBS provided insight into the associations between knowledge of HIV/HCV, health education, and behaviour, but the cross-sectional survey design limited rigorous evaluation of these relationships, particularly with respect to causal effects. An intervention study1, which captures information about knowledge and behaviour over time, including after release into the community, could provide more accurate information about the impact of health education on knowledge and knowledge on behaviour. Such research should explore why inmates continue to engage in risk-behaviours, despite adequate knowledge. Details: Ottawa: Correctional Service of Canada, 2010. 63p. Source: Internet Resource: Research Report 2010 No R-195: Accessed April 16, 2012 at: http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/rsrch/reports/r195/r195-eng.pdf Year: 2010 Country: Canada URL: http://www.csc-scc.gc.ca/text/rsrch/reports/r195/r195-eng.pdf Shelf Number: 124987 Keywords: Drug OffendersHealth Care, PrisonsHIV (Viruses)Infectious DiseasesInmates, Drug Abusing (Canada)Prisoners, Drug Abusing |